The Kagera River, which flows into Lake Victoria near the Tanzanian town of Bukoba, is the longest feeder, although sources do not agree on which is the longest tributary of the Kagera and hence the most distant source of the Nile itself. The source of the Nile is sometimes considered to be Lake Victoria, but the lake has feeder rivers of considerable size. The Nile basin is complex, and because of this, the discharge at any given point along the mainstem depends on many factors including weather, diversions, evaporation and evapotranspiration, and groundwater flow. The drainage basin of the Nile covers 3,254,555 square kilometres (1,256,591 sq mi), about 10% of the area of Africa. Both branches are on the western flanks of the East African Rift. The White Nile starts in equatorial East Africa, and the Blue Nile begins in Ethiopia. At Khartoum the river is joined by the Blue Nile. The Nile ends in a large delta that empties into the Mediterranean Sea.Ĭomposite satellite image of the White Nile.Ībove Khartoum the Nile is also known as the White Nile, a term also used in a limited sense to describe the section between Lake No and Khartoum. Most of the population and cities of Egypt lie along those parts of the Nile valley north of Aswan, and nearly all the cultural and historical sites of Ancient Egypt are found along riverbanks. The northern section of the river flows almost entirely through desert, from Sudan into Egypt, a country whose civilization has depended on the river since ancient times. The two rivers meet near the Sudanese capital of Khartoum. The Blue Nile is the source of most of the water and fertile soil. It flows north through Tanzania, Lake Victoria, Uganda and South Sudan. The White Nile is longer and rises in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, with the most distant source still undetermined but located in either Rwanda or Burundi. The Nile has two major tributaries, the White Nile and Blue Nile. It runs through the ten countries of Sudan, South Sudan, Burundi, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda and Egypt. The Nile ( Arabic: النيل, an-Nīl Ancient Egyptian: Iteru & Ḥ'pī Coptic Egyptian: ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲱ, P(h)iaro Amharic: ዓባይ ?, ʿAbbai) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world.
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